Abstract: Diving is an activity to enter the water below with or without professional tools for underwater survey, salvage, repair and underwater engineering. After that, diving gradually developed into a leisure sport with underwater activities as the main content, so as to achieve the purpose of physical exercise, leisure and entertainment, which is widely loved by the public. What tools should be prepared for diving? What are the personal diving equipment? Next, I will give the answer for you.
[Diving equipment] what personal diving equipment do you need to prepare for diving
Generally, it starts with snorkeling, which is simple and can see different underwater landscapes. If you are interested in it, you can also take a look under the water for a period of time, and you will have different feelings. Snorkeling has slipped and is not afraid of water. Children's shoes who are more interested in deep water can go to learn scuba diving and test the "ow" of PADI (International Association of professional diving instructors). As for whether or not to take a higher test later, it depends on your preferences. In general, people who take the ow test will then take the AOW test. Next, we will introduce the necessary equipment for initial diving and scuba diving equipment.
Diving equipment is needed to dive. In short, diving equipment can be divided into light equipment and heavy equipment. Light equipment refers to diving goggles, breathing tubes and flippers - the three treasures of diving. You can have these three equipment when snorkeling. While scuba diving also needs heavy equipment such as breathing regulator, buoyancy regulator, diving instrument, gas cylinder and other auxiliary equipment.
[1] Basic personal equipment - three treasures of diving
Diving masks, snorkels and fins are called "three treasures" of simple diving, is also translated as "snorkeling".
Diving Mask: a window to see the underwater world
Put it on your face and cover your eyes and nose. Its main functions are:
1. Enable the diver to clearly observe the scenery in the water.
2. Prevent the nose from choking and balance the ear pressure.
The diving mask consists of lens, frame, skirt and headband. Different from swimming goggles, professional diving masks are made of pressure resistant toughened glass, printed with "TEM pered", which is quite different from general swimming goggles. The masks have a nasal sac for balancing pressure and prevent water from entering the nasal cavity.
Vision correction can be based on the degree of the eyes, wear their own diving masks, preferably without contact lenses. The size of the underwater object seen through the diving mask is 0.33 times larger than the actual size.
The most important thing to choose is to fit your face well.
Snorkel - easy breathing
In scuba diving, the diver can breathe without lifting his head off the water; in scuba diving, the diver can breathe through the breathing tube when resting or swimming on the water surface, so as to save the air in the cylinder. The snorkel can be divided into two types: the type with drain valve and the type without drain valve In terms of modeling, there are L-type, J-type, C-type, G-type, etc. The length is usually about 42cm, and the caliber is 2-2.5cm.
When choosing the snorkel, we should pay attention to: the mouthpiece should be comfortable, otherwise it will cause mandible fatigue.
Fins - provide powerful driving force, add a pair of wings to "fly" in the ocean, also known as fins, and provide the driving force for the diver to advance underwater. Unlike swimming, diving only relies on the movement of legs to achieve movement, while hands are usually used to do other things (such as underwater photography, operating other equipment, etc.). According to the different use and design, it can be divided into two types: foot set type and adjustment type. No diving boots are needed for the set foot type, and you can wear them barefoot according to the number directly; the adjustable fins need to be equipped with special diving boots.
[2] Scuba diving equipment
In foreign countries, scuba diving is usually called scuba diving, so what is scuba diving?
Scuba means self, contained, underwater, breathing and apparatuses. In the industry, we use the appellation of Hong Kong and Taiwan, which is vividly called "water lung". Scuba diving is scuba diving, which refers to diving activities carried out by divers with gas cylinders, respirators and other diving equipment.
Respiratory regulator - diver's underwater lifeline
Breathing regulator (respirator) is the key equipment to ensure the underwater breathing of divers. It is composed of primary pressure reducer, secondary pressure reducer and medium pressure pipe. People can not directly inhale the high-pressure air in the cylinder, but need to adjust the high-pressure gas in the cylinder automatically to the pressure corresponding to the depth of the diver through the two-stage pressure relief device of the breathing regulator to supply the diver with breathing. The first stage of a regulator made of advanced alloy is used to connect gas cylinders and other equipment; the second stage with a mouthpiece is used for breathing. Many divers also have a spare secondary.
The second stage of the respirator is easy to enter the sediment, so it should be specially protected. Once the sediment enters, it needs to be disassembled and maintained by professional personnel.
Buoyancy compensator (BCD / BCJ - buoyancy compensation device / jacket or BC - buoyancy compensation, i.e. buoyancy compensator / vest) - in the ocean of three-dimensional space, we can appreciate the mood of flying birds flying in the sky.
Buoyancy adjusting vest is a popular diving buoyancy adjusting device in recent years. Its shape is like vest, so it is also called Jack ET in English When underwater, the best buoyancy state can be achieved by fine tuning the air in BC with the filling and exhausting device connected with the medium pressure pipe and the gas cylinder, so that the diver can maintain the neutral buoyancy at any depth; it can also have the purpose of saving life in water. Buoyancy adjustment vest has become a necessary equipment for leisure diving.
Instruments - instrument panel for underwater "flight"
Diving instrument is an important equipment to ensure diving safety. There are single, double and triple meters, which are composed of different combinations of residual pressure gauge, depth gauge, compass and diving calculator. They can integrate the data of depth, direction, temperature and air supply together, so that the divers can see it at a glance.
Residual pressure gauge: it is used to display the quantity of gas in the cylinder. According to this, the diver can master the stay time under the water and arrange the diving plan. The diver must develop the habit of checking the residual pressure gauge frequently.
Depth meter: it can display the depth of the current position of the diver in the water and the maximum depth of the diving. Because scuba divers need to determine whether they need decompression according to the depth, the depth table is a crucial equipment.
North arrow: divers are used to identify directions underwater.
Diving calculator
The diving computer is an electronic high-tech product in the modern diving instrument. Its functions are very comprehensive. The display contents include depth, diving time, no decompression time, decompression time, rise time, warning of rising speed too fast, water surface rest time, etc. it can also be connected with PC to analyze and process diving data. The emergence of diving computer makes diving more safe and easy to learn. The single diving calculator is suitable for the combination with the north arrow and the residual pressure meter.
Diving instruments are essential equipment for divers to dive in open water.
Scuba tank - the source of underwater life
The cylinder is made of steel or aluminum alloy, which can safely store high-pressure air or mixed gas (and is very mistaken for oxygen) for underwater breathing.
There are many specifications for the working pressure and capacity of gas cylinders. The capacity of gas cylinders is usually calculated by the liter of water volume. The common gas cylinder capacity is 8L, 10L, 12L, 14L, etc., and the working pressure is 150kg / C ㎡, 200kg / C ㎡, 207kg / C ㎡, 250kg / C ㎡, etc. The weight (W), capacity (V), working pressure (FP), pressure measurement date, manufacturing trademark and other relevant data of the cylinder are stamped on the shoulder of the cylinder with a steel seal for the user to understand.
Cylinders need to be inspected regularly. For general diving enthusiasts, they don't need to buy their own gas cylinders. They can usually rent them from the diving shop.